Cabling, Connectors and Standards

Distance and speed are what these questions turn on. A scenario gives you a run length and a required speed, and the answer is whichever standard covers both.

Copper Ethernet standards

StandardSpeedCableMax distance
10BASE-T10 MbpsCat 3 or better100 m
100BASE-TX100 MbpsCat 5100 m
1000BASE-T1 GbpsCat 5e100 m
2.5GBASE-T2.5 GbpsCat 5e100 m
5GBASE-T5 GbpsCat 6100 m
10GBASE-T10 GbpsCat 655 m
10GBASE-T10 GbpsCat 6a or Cat 7100 m
40GBASE-T40 GbpsCat 830 m

Fibre standards

StandardSpeedFibre typeMax distance
100BASE-FX100 MbpsMultimode2 km
1000BASE-SX1 GbpsMultimode550 m
1000BASE-LX1 GbpsSingle-mode5 km
10GBASE-SR10 GbpsMultimode400 m
10GBASE-LR10 GbpsSingle-mode10 km
10GBASE-ER10 GbpsSingle-mode40 km

Connectors

ConnectorUsed with
RJ45Ethernet over twisted pair, 8 pins
RJ11Telephone and DSL, 4 or 6 pins
LCFibre, small form factor, duplex
SCFibre, square push-pull
STFibre, round bayonet
MPO / MTPFibre, multi-strand for 40G and 100G
F-typeCoaxial, cable modem and TV
BNCCoaxial, legacy and video
SFP / SFP+ / QSFPTransceiver cages, 1G / 10G / 40G+

T568A and T568B pinout

PinT568AT568B
1White/GreenWhite/Orange
2GreenOrange
3White/OrangeWhite/Green
4BlueBlue
5White/BlueWhite/Blue
6OrangeGreen
7White/BrownWhite/Brown
8BrownBrown

Now test yourself

Memorizing a table is a start. Practice questions are what make it stick, and every answer carries the full explanation.